1.Introduction

1.1. What was Web 1.0?
Web 1.0 is a retronym (old concept) which refers to the state of the World Wide Web, and any website design style used before the advent of the Web 2.0 phenomenon. It is the general term that has been created to describe the Web before the 'bursting of the dot-com bubble' in 2001, which is seen by many as a turning point for the internet.

1.2. What is Web 2.0?
Web 2.0 is a term describing changing trends in the use of World Wide Web technology and web design that aims to enhance creativity, secure information sharing, collaboration and functionality of the web. Web 2.0 concepts have led to the development and evolution of web-based communities and its hosted services, such as social-networking sites, video sharing sites, wikis, blogs, and folksonomies (also known as collaborative tagging, social classification, social indexing, and social tagging). The term became notable after the first O'Reilly Media Web 2.0 conference in 2004.Although the term suggests a new version of the World Wide Web; it does not refer to an update to any technical.

1.3. What are Mashup?
In web development, a Mashup is a web application that combines data from more than one source into a single integrated tool; an example is the use of cartographic data from Google Maps to add location information to real-estate data, thereby creating a new and distinct web service that was not originally provided by either source.

Content used in Mashup is typically sourced from a third party via a public interface or API (web services). Other methods of sourcing content for Mashup include Web feeds (e.g. RSS or Atom), and screen scraping. Many people are experimenting with Mashup using Amazon, eBay, Flicker, Google, Microsoft, Yahoo and YouTube APIs, which has led to the creation of Mashup editors.

2.Web 2.0

2.1 What is Web 2.0?
Web 2.0 is a term describing changing trends in the use of World Wide Web technology and web design that aims to enhance creativity, secure information sharing, collaboration and functionality of the web. Web 2.0 concepts have led to the development and evolution of web-based communities and its hosted services, such as social-networking sites, video sharing sites, wikis, blogs, and folksonomies (also known as collaborative tagging, social classification, social indexing, and social tagging). The term became notable after the first O'Reilly Media Web 2.0 conference in 2004.Although the term suggests a new version of the World Wide Web; it does not refer to an update to any technical.

According to Tim O'Reilly:

“Web 2.0 is the business revolution in the computer industry caused by the move to the Internet as platform, and an attempt to understand the rules for success on that new platform.”

Tim O'Reilly is the founder of O'Reilly Media (formerly O'Reilly & Associates) and a supporter of the free software and open source movements. He is widely credited with coining the term Web 2.0.

2.2Characteristics of Web 2.0
Web 2.0 websites allow users to do more than just retrieve information. They can build on the interactive facilities of "Web 1.0" to provide "Network as platform" computing, allowing users to run software-applications entirely through a browser. Users can own the data on a Web 2.0 site and exercise control over that data. These sites may have an "Architecture of participation" that encourages users to add value to the application as they use it. This stands in contrast to very old traditional websites, the sort which limited visitors to viewing and whose content only the site's owner could modify. Web 2.0 sites often feature a rich, user-friendly interface based on Ajax, OpenLaszlo (open source platform for the development and delivery of rich Internet applications), Adobe Flex or similar rich media.

The concept of Web-as-participation-platform captures many of these characteristics. Bart Decrem, a founder and former CEO of Flock, calls Web 2.0 the "participatory Web" and regards the Web-as-information-source as Web 1.0.

According to Best, the characteristics of Web 2.0 are:
· rich user experience
· user participation
· dynamic content
· Metadata(data of data or collection of data)
· Web standards and scalability.

Further characteristics, such as openness, freedom and collective intelligence by way of user participation, can also be viewed as essential attributes of Web 2.0.

2.3 Technology overview
The sometimes complex and continually evolving technology infrastructure of Web 2.0 includes server-software, content-syndication (is made available to multiple other sites), messaging-protocols, standards-oriented browsers with plug-in(computer program that interacts with a host application to provide a certain, usually very specific, function "on demand") and extensions, and various client-applications. The differing, yet complementary approaches of such elements provide Web 2.0 sites with information-storage, creation, and dissemination challenges and capabilities that go beyond what the public formerly expected in the environment of the so-called "Web 1.0".

2.4 Web 2.0 websites typically include some of the following features/techniques

· Search: the ease of finding information through keyword search which makes the platform valuable.

· Links: guides to important pieces of information. The best pages are the most frequently
linked to.

· Authoring: the ability to create constantly updating content over a platform that is shifted from being the creation of a few to being the constantly updated, interlinked work. In wikis, the content is iterative in the sense that the people undo and redo each other’s work. While in blogs is cumulative that posts and comments of individuals are accumulated over time.

· Tags: categorization of content by creating tags that are simple, one-word descriptions to facilitate searching and avoid rigid, pre-made categories.

· Extensions: automation some of the work and pattern matching by using algorithms e.g. amazon.com recommendations.

· Signals: the use of RSS (Really Simple Syndication-RSS is a family of Web feed formats used to publish frequently updated works) technology to notify users with any changes of the content by sending e-mails to them.”


2.5 Associated innovations

It is a common misconception that "Web 2.0" refers to various visual design elements such as rounded corners or drop shadows. While such design elements have commonly been found on popular Web 2.0 sites, the association is more one of fashion, a designer preference which became popular around the same time that "Web 2.0" became a buzz word (also fashion word).

Another common disassociation with Web 2.0 is AJAX. This error probably comes about because many Web 2.0 sites rely heavily on AJAX or associated DHTML effects. So while AJAX is often required for Web 2.0 sites to function well, it is (usually) not required for them to function.

The Freemium business model is also characteristic of many Web 2.0 sites, with the idea that core basic services are given away for free, in order to build a large user base by word-of-mouth marketing. Premium service would then be offered for a price.


2.6 Example of Web 2.0

· Google maps
· WordPress.com
· Yahoo! pipes
· facebook.com
· myspace.com
· YouTube
· Microsoft popfly

2.7 Web 1.0 Vs Web 2.0

In simple manner we can say that :
· Web 1.0 was about reading, Web 2.0 is about writing
· Web 1.0 was about companies, Web 2.0 is about communities
· Web 1.0 was about client-server, Web 2.0 is about peer to peer
· Web 1.0 was about HTML, Web 2.0 is about XML
· Web 1.0 was about home pages, Web 2.0 is about blogs
· Web 1.0 was about portals, Web 2.0 is about RSS
· Web 1.0 was about taxonomy, Web 2.0 is about tags
· Web 1.0 was about wires, Web 2.0 is about wireless
· Web 1.0 was about owning, Web 2.0 is about sharing
· Web 1.0 was about IPOs, Web 2.0 is about trade sales
· Web 1.0 was about Netscape, Web 2.0 is about Google
· Web 1.0 was about web forms, Web 2.0 is about web applications
· Web 1.0 was about screen scraping, Web 2.0 is about APIs
· Web 1.0 was about dialup, Web 2.0 is about broadband
· Web 1.0 was about hardware costs, Web 2.0 is about bandwidth costs

3.Mashup

3.1 What are Mashup?

In web development, a Mashup is a web application that combines data from more than one source into a single integrated tool; an example is the use of cartographic data from Google Maps to add location information to real-estate data, thereby creating a new and distinct web service that was not originally provided by either source.

Content used in Mashup is typically sourced from a third party via a public interface or API (web services). Other methods of sourcing content for Mashup include Web feeds (e.g. RSS or Atom), and screen scraping. Many people are experimenting with Mashup using Amazon, eBay, Flicker, Google, Microsoft, Yahoo and YouTube APIs, which has led to the creation of Mashup editors.

3.2 Architecture of Mashup web applications

The architecture of Mashup web applications is always composed of three parts:

1.The content provider: it is the source of the data. Data is made available using an API and different Web-protocols such as RSS, REST, or Web Services.

2.The Mashup: is the web application that provides the new service using different data sources that are not owned by it.

3.The client: is the consumer of the Mashup, often a Web browser displaying a Web page representing the Mashup. Various Mashup platforms also support Mashup that emit RSS, Web Services, instant messages or email messages, which are consumed by feed readers, rich applications, IM clients or email clients respectively.

A site that allows a user to embed a YouTube video for instance, is not a Mashup site. As outlined above, a Mashup site should itself access third party data using an API, and process that data in some way to increase its value to the site's users.

3.3 Types of Mashup

• The most common Mashup is the consumer Mashup. Consumer mashups combine different forms of media from multiple sources and combine them into a single graphical interface. Consumer mashups are aimed at the general public, that is, consumers. Examples of consumer mashups include the many Google Maps applications, iGuide and Radioclouds.
  
• Another common Mashup is a data Mashup. Data mashups combine similar types of media and information from multiple sources into a single graphical representation. An example of a data mashup is the Havaria Information Services' Alert Map. which combines current data from over 200 sources related to severe weather conditions, biohazard threats and seismic information from around the world, and displays them on a single map of the world. Yahoo Pipes is frequently used to define data mashups.
  
• Business mashups focus on various forms of data aggregation into a single presentation, but also allow for collaborative functionability among businesses and developers.
  

3.4 Example
The potential use cases for mashups are as wide and varied as the web. Some of the most common early use cases include mapping, video and photo, search and shopping, and news.

Some examples of each are:
Mapping :

• CLEARMAP is a mashup web application by the Chicago Police Department that integrates the department’s database of reported crimes with ArcIMS in order to help stop crime in areas and warn citizens of areas where the crime rate is high.


• TheCampingMap.com is a site that shows camp-sites in Europe.


• WikiCrimes is a wiki-style website where internet users can report crimes by placing pins on a GoogleMaps based map. The website classifies crimes as robbery, theft, or other by pin color.

Video and photo :

• Flickr is an image storage site that allows users to organize their collection of images and share them. Through the use of its Application Programming Interface (API) the content can be used by other sites to create a mashup. Flickrvision is an example of a mashup made using Flickr's API.


• youMashTube lets end-users make video mashups through Youtube's API.

Search and shopping

• Travature is a travel portal that has integrated airfare meta search engines, wiki travel guides, hotel reviews. It also allows the user to share photos and discuss experiences with other travellers.

News aggregation

• Digg is a mashup of various news websites controlled almost entirely by the users of the website.

3.5 Mashup versus Portal

Mashups and portals are both content aggregation technologies. Portals is an older technology designed as an extension to traditional dynamic web applications, in which the process of converting data content into marked-up web pages is split into two phases - generation of markup "fragments" and aggregation of the fragments into pages. Each of these markup fragments is generated by a "portlet", and the portal combines them into a single web page. Portlets may be hosted locally on the portal server or remotely on another server.

Portal technology is about server-side, presentation-tier aggregation. It cannot be used to drive more robust forms of application integration such as the one using two-phase commit.

The portal model has been around longer and has had greater investment and product research. Portal technology is therefore more standardized and mature. Over time, increasing maturity and standardization of mashup technology may make it more popular than portal technology. New versions of portal products are expected to eventually add mashup support while still supporting legacy portlet applications.

3.6 Mashups in a business environment

Mashup use is expanding in the business environment. After several years of standards development, mainstream businesses are starting to adopt Service-oriented Architectures (often referred to as SOA) to integrate disparate data by exposing this data as discrete Web services. Web services provide open, standardized protocols to provide a unified means of accessing information from a diverse set of platforms (operating systems, programming languages, applications.) The SOA standard for data services is Service Data Objects. These Web services can be repurposed into new services and applications within and across organizations, providing business agility. Mashups are a key component of integrating business and data services, as mashup technologies provide the ability to develop new integrated services quickly, to combine internal services with external or personalized information, and to make these services tangible to the business user through user interfaces.

3.7 Mashup editors

There are already several mashup platforms that help user create or edit mashups.
Examples include (alphabetically):
· Google Mashup Editor
· IBM Mashup Center
· IBM Sharable Code
· JackBe Presto
· Microsoft Popfly
· Mozilla Ubiquity
· WaveMaker Visual Ajax Studio
· WSO2 Mashup Server
· Yahoo pipes
· zembly

4.Web 2.0 & Mashup

4.1 Relation b/w Web 2.0 and Mashup?

Mashups are an exciting genre of interactive Web applications that draw upon content retrieved from external data sources to create entirely new and innovative services. They are a hallmark of the second generation of Web applications informally known as Web 2.0.

A mashup is usually a web-based application that combines content and functionality from a variety of sources using technologies including RSS and AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript And XML).

Mashups generally don't require a programming degree, hence the rapid uptake of the concept. A company will release an API (Application Programming Interface) which is the interface that allows for external requests to be made to whatever content the company is offering. Instead of it being just a rigid reproduction of information, there is a high degree of interactivity and for the developer/user to manipulate that data - hence its tie in with Web 2.0 concepts.

So, between the API implementation and the user/developer's additional work to manipulate the content for use within another application - that's a mashup; although some purists might argue more than one API needs to be used to qualify for that term.

4.2 Appropriation of Data and Services

• Selection
  Which service will use?
  What exactly data come from?


• Manipulation
  How is the data being filtered, combine and altered?
  How transparent in Mashup?
  
• Presentation
  What is the provenance of the data?

4.3 How Web Mashup work?
Websites which combine data and services from across the web, it’s nothing but remixing of data On the internet.

For understanding the concept of Mashup we take one example of Mashup. Popular example of Mashup is HousingMaps.com which combines the data with the use of Google Maps and craigslist.

Cartographic data from Google Maps to add location information to real-estate data from Craigslist ,Other information come from craigslist.com

So Mashup is nothing but remixing of information in proper manner ,it’s very useful approach for creating a hybrid web application and is totally new approach.

Here in the figure 4.1, it’s combination of Google maps and craigslist then what’s exactly procedure are described in fig .

HousingMaps.com = Google Maps + Craigslist

=

+

4.4 Future of Mashup

Mashups — custom applications that combine multiple, disparate data sources into something new and unique — are coming to the enterprise.projects that the enterprise mashup market will reach nearly $7000 million by 2013; while this means that there is plenty of money to be made selling mashup platforms, it will affect nearly every software vendor. Mashup platforms are in the pole position and ready to grab the lion's share of the market — and an entire ecosystem of mashup technology and data providers is emerging to complement those platforms. Those vendor strategists that move quickly, plan a mashup strategy, and build a partner ecosystem will come out on top.
BBC News: The mash-up future of the web. The way we use the web is changing and the future lies in mixing, mash-ups and pipes, says columnist Bill Thompson.

Delhi (India) Times: It's all mashed up! A look at Mashup culture.

5.Conclusion and video

• Arrival of Web 2.0 dynamic asynchronous interfaces to website.
• Mashup are all about:
  Building situational applications
  Reuse and remix both data and functionality
• Using Mashup means that:
  You can do more in less time
  You don’t have to reinvent the wheel
  You are not in total control of how your applications and data will be used